Nicolae Constantin Paulescu

Hello dear readers! Is Thursday, today we are talking about a personality, but certain about Nicolae Constantin Paulescu, which deserves special praise.

Nicolae Constantin Paulescu was born on 8 November in Bucharest and died on 19 July 1931 in the capital. He was a Roman scientist, physician and physiologist, professor at the Faculty of Medicine in Bucharest, contributed to the discovery of antidiabetic hormone released depancreas, later called insulin. "Pancreine" Paulescu patented in April 1922 was an aqueous extract of bovine pancreas tissue homogenizers, partially purified by adding hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. This preparation was administered to patients Paulescu its only form of enema and has no effect on blood sugar. Insulin was extracted and purified for the first time biochimistulcanadian James B. Collip in December 1921 by treating bovine pancreatic tissue homogenizers with alcohol, ether and alcohol again. This extract has proved effective in dramatically since January 1922, when it was injected Frederick G. Banting patients laToronto General Hospital.

And ultimately who discovered insulin?

Laguesse in 1893 and Leonid V. Sobolev in 1899 suggested that the islets of Langerhans (discovered it in 1869) produce a substance that controls the metabolism of carbohydrates. [1]. This substance was called "insulin" by Belgian Jean de Meyer in 1909. In 1903 John and Thomas Fraser Rennnie tried unsuccessfully treated orally with the extract of code (which is separate islands exocrine pancreas). In 1904 they tried hypodermic injection in humans, but gave up because of side effects. In 1906, in Berlin, Georg Zuelzer applied the method pancreatic extract protein precipitation with alcohol and tested the treatment on 8 patients, finding glycosuria and ketonuria removal, but dropped again because of side effects. In 1908 Ernest Scott earned reduce urinary glucose to 3 dogs with pancreatic extract treated with alcohol. Hypoglycaemic effect of a pancreatic extract injected intravenously pancreatectomizat dog was shown by Israel S. Kleiner (1915, 1919). The effect of pancreatic extract on ketone bodies and urea (substances produced indiabetul mellitus unbalanced) has been shown Paulescu (1921). The discovery of a pancreatic extract effective in the treatment of diabetes in humans belongs to James B. Collip, who worked under the direction of John JR Macleod in Toronto in 1921.

Nicolae Constantin Paulescu was born on November 8, 1869 in Bucharest Mosilor no. 69, parents are Costache Paulescu, professional trader and Mary Paulescu (born Dan ¬ Covic). Nicholas C. Paulescu elementary school next to "Primary School boys no. 1, Color Yellow "and, in 1880, to join the" Gymnasium Michael the Brave "(School Michael the Brave), that you will graduate in 1888. Since high school years, proved a great inclination for natural sciences, physics and chemistry, as well as foreign languages, classical and modern.

Nicolae Paulescu studied medicine in Paris, since 1888, winning in 1897 with the title of Doctor of Medicine thesis Recherches sur la structure of rates (Research on the structure of the spleen). She worked in hospitals in Paris, first as a hospital outside Paris' Hôtel-Dieu "(1891-1894) in the service of Professor Etienne Lancereaux, illustrious clinician and pathologist, and then as an intern (1894-1897) or secondary medical (1897-1900) Notre Dame du Perpétuel hospital-Secours, is Assistant Professor Lancereaux and editorial secretary of the Journal de Médecine Interior. [4] In the years 1897-1898 followed and biological chemistry and physiology courses at the Faculty General of Sciences in Paris, obtaining in 1899 a PhD in Science with experimental lucrarileCercetari the respiratory movements and heart rate changes under the influence of various positions of the body and causes rapid death mechanism determinant and consequent transition from horizontal to vertical position. In 1901, the University of Paris get the second doctoral dissertation science of comparative Etude de l'action des chlorures alcalines sur la Mati Vivante (chloralkali Comparative study on the action of living matter).

In 1900 he returned home and was appointed professor of Physiology at the Faculty of Medicine and Director of the Internal Medicine Clinic at spitalulSt. Vincent de Paul in Bucharest.

In 1902 Physiology course opens with lecture "spontaneous generation and to Darwinism in experimental method" and in 1905 three lessons you famous ("The finality in biology", "Materialism," "Soul and God") that would comprise notions volume " soul "and" God "in physiology, published in the same year and reprinted in 1944 and 1999. His conceptions antidarwiniene will determine fierce polemic with Leon and Demetrius Nicholas Voinov talks in the pages of literary magazines and Hospital.

Nicolae Paulescu developed an outstanding scientific research in the field of physiology, especially on carbohydrate metabolism, diabetes pathogenesis, the role of the pancreas in asimilitia nutritional blood clotting mechanism of sudden death was In 1906 he developed an original method for removal of pituitary gland in dogs by trans-temporal, which will then be applied to human pituitary surgery.

On July 23, 1921 session of the Society of Biology, Nicolae Paulescu shows four communication results of his research on the action of pancreatic extract in cases of diabetes, which are published in the journal Communications Company. Public Paulescu separation of antidiabetic active principle of the pancreas, which he calls the Pancreine, and the number of 31 august1921 issue of the Archives Internationales of Physiologie, magazine simultaneous appearance in France and Belgium. In 1922, Paulescu obtained from the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Romania, patent no. 6255 entitled "Pancreine and or manufacturing process." In any of the publications, Nicolae Paulescu not reminiscent of similar experiments published by Israel Kleiner in 1915 and 1919.

These publications 8-10 months preceding the announcement by Fr. Herbert Grant Banting and Best Ch of Toronto (Canada) discovery of insulin. Based on an incorrect translation of the text of articles, Banting and Best denies influence results that had Professor Paulescu and said that while Paulescu pancreatic extract demonstrated efficacy in reducing the amount of urea in blood sugar or diabetic animals, he would said the injections would not take effect:

"Paulesco has recently Demonstrated reducing the effects of Whole gland extracts upon the amounts of sugar, urea and acetone in the blood and urine Bodies of diabetic animals. He states injections into peripheral veins That produces no effect and his experiments show That second injections do not produce marked Such effect as the first. '

- FG Banting & Best CH., Journal of Laboratory and Clinical medecine, 1922

Award of the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine in 1923, Frederick G. Banting rewards and John Macleod [2] to demonstrate the first effective treatment for diabetes in humans.

Responding international campaign initiated by Scottish physiologist Ian Murray, Professor AWK Tiselius, vice chairman of the Nobel Foundation, recognized in 1969 in discovering the merits of Nicolae Paulescu diabetic treatment, expressing hope that "pioneering work" of Paulescu is rightly praised by international scientific bodies. In the book The Priority of N.C. Paulescu in the Discovery of Insulin, published in 1976, Professor John Paul presented documents proving the merits of Paulescu undeniable.

In 1990, Nicolae Paulescu was appointed member of the Romanian Academy posthumously.

Article today, maybe it was a little long, but definitely worth it.

God bless you!